Kerala

2009

2010

Transport: Car: ·  • Traffic in capital far worse because of tourists • Resurfacing of main roads (eg. road into Karal’s Capital Thiruvananthapuram, (Trivandrunm)  ·  More roads and connections ·  Water trucks go along roads Air: • Low cost domestic air transport becoming more popular- trains are going out of use although it is a extensive and effective system within India o Air Deccan  carried 1 million passengers in 2004, to 4.4 mill in 2005, o IndiGo agreed to by 100 airbus A320 airplanes o Charter flights  are now flying to Kerala  from many domestic destinations Boats: Houseboats  o Pollution from engines o More houseboat traffic on canals o Dump <span class="yshortcuts" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">human waste <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> directly into water o Waste thrown overboard- bottom of lake full of plastic bags and bottles o Kerosene taste of fish because of spilt fuel o <span class="yshortcuts" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Fish stock <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> reducing Water? Social Impacts of Tourism <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">NGOs have tried to create tourism to “minimize the impact, maximize the benefit” for the local population Water · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> Water trucks to hotels bring water from villages to hotels which are not connected to <span class="yshortcuts" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">local water supply- use 10,000 liter tanks <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">People sell their water to hotels which causes domestic conflicts · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Limits domestic water, and causes domestic disputes · <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Law unclear so the practice continues Hotels · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Easy to get promotion easy to get, politicians own so hard to protest · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">In 2000 there were 721 building within 500 meters of the beach violations, very little is done about it, corruption prevalent · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Most hotel owners and management positions are foreigners, local people have little opportunity to gain skills and high level jobs · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Housing costs gone up to 5,000 rupees (58 pounds) for 1,500 square feet Illegal activates: · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Drugs being introduced, 20% of tourists indulge in drugs, violence or immoral activates · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Prostitution industries have become larger due to tourism · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Changes in local culute · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Braught AIDS and STDS Much waste produced · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Hotels will pay 100-150 rupees to have their waste sent away to the dump in the capital · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Sometimes waste moved a few hundred KM · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">The Zero Waste Kovalam Project by C. Jayakumar · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Aims to manage waste by creating crafts out of it and selling it back to tourists · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">120 people indirectly benefit Farmers: · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Must by pesticiees · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">High debts · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Drought and crop failor leave farmers desperate · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Turn to tourism leaving them more vonerable Tourism Jobs · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Creates Many jobs and income · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">No promotion- managers higher from outside · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Most money not for people · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">On boats out of 50 pound fee only 3 go to worker on boats · <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Housestays, only really works for the richer population

Economic Impacts of Tourism on Kerala, India: Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Kerala, India:
 * Although Kerala has a booming tourism industry, it has an underdeveloped economy
 * It is one of the poorest Indian states
 * Expansion of tourism has overrun local economies and destroyed peoples’ systems of livelihood
 * The Indian government does not want big factories in Kerala, because it wants service sectors such as tourism
 * The lower class cannot find work because of this, and the money generated by tourism goes mostly to the upper class management
 * The environmental impacts of tourism, such as the pollution of land and water, destroy traditional employment such as fishing and agriculture
 * In response to diminishing opportunities for employment, and a desire for eco-friendly tourism, many more affluent locals have established homestays which tourists can stay in
 * These provide a strong source of income for locals who can afford to establish them, however, they are not an option for the lower class
 * In tourism spots such as Kovalam, groundwater is extracted at unsustainable rates, leading to a lack of drinking water for locals
 * Only about 20% of the water comes from legitimate water sources, the rest comes from lakes, ponds, and illegal sources
 * The backwaters of Kerala are becoming more polluted by the tourism industry and the increasing number of houseboats
 * Kovalam beach, a once beautiful and undisturbed landscape, is now one of the states busiest resorts and has been ruined by mass tourism
 * The beach was one the image of a perfect, isolated area, but is has been degraded to an overcrowded and polluted tourist spot
 * The tourist-popular houseboats have been a growing concern because they produce a lot of pollution from their engines, and they also have no system of sewage, so toilet wastes are flushed straight into the water
 * The bottom of the lake has become covered with plastic bags and bottles

Political aspects of Kerala
 * Region in India where Communist forms of government are democratically elected into office as well as democratic parties.
 * The two main parties are : The Left Democratic Front led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the United Democratic Front led by the Indian National Congress Party.
 * Population of region is very active in participating in elections and the results often are very close as to who which parties representatives won the votes.
 * As regards to tourism, the politicians have their own stake in the hotel business and as a result any complaints about particular hotels disobeying the laws are viewed with personal interests in mind. This issue also affects water distribution and usage.

Kerala has had a long history with dealing with foreigners, this reaches as far back as Roman and Tamil times. There have been records of a spice trade with the Keralan people and the Romans. The Keralan people are not adverse to having foreigners into their country and they have affected the regions developement.