Biodiversity

From IB syllabus:

Explain the concept and importance of biodiversity in tropical rainforests. Examine the causes and consequences of reduced biodiversity in this biome.
__**Definition of Biodiversity:**__ Biodiversity has been most generally defined as the " //full variety of life on Earth// ". More specifically, biodiversity is the study of the processes that create and maintain variation. It is concerned with the variety of individuals within populations, the diversity of species within communities, and the range of ecological roles within ecosystems.

 __**Importance of biodiversity**__ Environmental problems : Earth functions like a complex system with very complex components that affect each other. Each species -- from the lowliest microbe to humans -- plays a part in keeping the planet running smoothly. In this sense, each part is related. If a lot of those parts suddenly vanish, then the machine that is Earth can't function properly.

 For example, the crops that we grow though our clever use of agriculture are enabled by the nitrogen present in the soil. This nitrogen nourishes and strengthens our crops. But where does it come from? Worms, bacteria and other life found within the soil love to decompose vegetation. When they eat, these organisms produce nitrogen as waste. This nitrogen is used to make soil rich.

 If we have a small bottle with a group of dominating predators and prey together, soon they will both die out because there is no sustainability. Likewise, if humans manipulate the environment and decrease biodiversity, our environmental sustainability significantly decreases.

 Economic Importance of Biodiversity:

 • Biologically diverse ecosystems are typically more productive than non-diverse ones because they contain a wider array of resources, and it is impossible for us to use up all of them at once.  • Biodiversity provides many different resources that can be exploited economically, such as fibres wood, fuels, rubber, and silk.  • Many medicines are made from extracts taken from the Amazon rainforest  • Biodiverse environments can often be used as tourist attractions  • The Amazon rainforest is one of the most dominant rubber-producers in the world  • Illegal biological trade exploiting wildlife  • Wood industry <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> • payments for ecological services rendered by the Amazon such as the carbon retaining in its forests could go a long way to preserving them, a new study has found. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> http://www.wwfguianas.org/?156101/Amazon-could-prosper-thanks-to-emission-payments-be-lost-without-WWF

<span style="background-color: #ffd966; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__**FOUAD ADD HERE**__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**drugs**

<span style="background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> __**Concept of biodiversity**__ <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> This is the variety of all forms of life on earth e.g. plants, animals and micro-organisms. This includes variations, interdependence and habitat diversity. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Biodiversity is so important in the rainforest because many of the different species depend on one another. It is important for the world because it allows for greater genetic variation, this stabilises ecosystems and makes them resilient to damage. Furthermore it expresses evolutionary potential that will be lost if species go extinct and their genes are removed from the gene pool.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The Amazon rain forest
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">covers 40% of South America
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">has 40,000 plant species, 1000 diff. trees
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">427 diff. mammals,
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">receives <span style="background-color: #ffe599; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">160 to 400 inches <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of rain per year.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">20% of the world’s oxygen is produced by the Amazon rainforest

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__(Great website)__]

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Map to show the distribution of tropical rain forests
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rainforests cover only 6% of earth’s surface, yet they are home to over half of world’s species.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Amazon is home to the greatest variety of plants and animals on Earth. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #004080; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**1/5** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of all the world's plants and birds and about <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #ff8040; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**1/10** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of all mammal species are found there.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">One-fifth of the world's fresh water is in the Amazon Basin

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Things being done to protect the Amazon forest
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Serra dos Órgãos only covers 1% of the national territory of Brazil
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This rich biodiversity is largely due to the high variation in altitude within the range, creating many different habitats and unique environmental conditions
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: circle; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This mountain range is home to a rich variety of wildlife and a great number of species, including over 458 bird species, and approximately 620 species of orchids
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Reserva Ecológica de Guapi Assu (REGUA) is working to protect as much of this forest as possible
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Guapi Assu Reserve funding to REGUA to buy land and increase the size of the protected area in the central corridor of the Serra dos Órgãos Mountains
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Guapi Assu Reserve funding to REGUA to buy land and increase the size of the protected area in the central corridor of the Serra dos Órgãos Mountains

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The UN declared 2010 to be the Year of Biodiversity. Their website is <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__here__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Their goals for this year are:
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To enhance public awareness of both the importance of and the treat to biodiversity.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To raise awareness of community and government projects that have already taken steps to preserve biodiversity.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To promote innovative solutions to reduce the treats posed to biodiversity.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To enourage individuals as well as governments and organisations to take immediate steps to stop the loss of biodiversity.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">To start a dialog between stakeholders for measures to be taken beyond the year 2010.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For updates on ‘biodiversity events’ you can like <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__this facebook page__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> related to the cause.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__**http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm**__]

<span style="background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__**Causes of reduced biodiversity in tropical rain forest**__

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Social:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Philosophical/ethical attitudes that do not find significance in preserving tropical rain forests <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Land speculation and the speculation of land titles <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">80% of tropical forests controlled by governments

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Cultural:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Environmental:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Dams – for hydroelectric power <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Itaipu Dam & Tucurui Dam in Brazil <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Climate change --> drought <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Selective logging – only logging one particular species of tree <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· “Slash-and burn”, shifting cultivation with higher population pressure <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">reduces soil fertility <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Agricultural colonization – by large modern industries/MNCs <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Forests cut down to be used for the pasture of cattle <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In eastern & south eastern Para & northern Mato Grosso (Brazil) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Mining <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gold mining produces toxic waste – more than 100 tons of mercury have been emitted into the Amazon by miners <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Greater Carajas Project in south-eastern Amazonia <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Forestry of a single species of tree <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Lightening --> forest fires <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">· Deforestation for fuel/paper/coal <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Political:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Government policies --> Government encouraging the production of a certain crop/the growing of certain trees <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Civil war/disruptive social change <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Exploitation of resources by rebel groups <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rebel groups in the D R Congo mining --> for economic benefit

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Economic:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Ecotourism <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Overuse of roads and waterways, disturbance of animals and migration patterns <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Governments support logging <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Benefits the national economy <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Establishment of transportation networks <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">8-18 million hectares of the Brazilian Amazon in danger of deforestation for the building of roads

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Demographic:** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Growth in human population --> increased strain on nations resources => deforestation of Amazon <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -18pt; vertical-align: baseline;">· Urbanization <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Courier New; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">o <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Encroachment of cities on rain forests

<span style="background-color: #b6d7a8; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">__**Consequences of reduced biodiversity in tropical rainforest**__

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Rainforests once covered 14% of the earths land surface now they cover 6%** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - habitat loss - reduce number of species || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">reduced plant diversity prevents important aspects of ecosystem functioning <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - less plants growing leads to less plants to take up carbon dioxide which may increase the effects of climate change <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - ecosystems are intrumental as a buffering sytem for extreme climatic events like drought, flood and fire || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -Many cultures have spiritual, recreational, and religious [|values] to [|ecosystems]. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Reducing the bonding [|value] of shared experiences || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Changes in their way of life <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - A change in the interaction between indigenous people & tourists || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Resources will eventually run out because they are extracting more than nature’s ability to replenish itself <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Specialists say that the remaining area of rainforests can be consumed in less than 40 years || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Extracting resources in order to make profit (wood) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - Agricultural benefits from such as slash and burn <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> - One & a half acres of rainforest is lost every second with vast losses for both developing & industrial countries <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> -Reduction in ecotourism, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and [|fisheries] loss of profit, lose money to companies. ||
 * || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Short-term** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Long-term** ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Political** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Governments may receive pressure from groups or people to address the issue of biodiversity reduction, and “save nature” || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Resentment toward groups that profit from their damage. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Demographic** ||  || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A larger wildlife diversity helps to limit the spread of animal bacteria to humans ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Environmental** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- negative implications for people’s diets
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Social** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">cause disputes between the exploiters and exploited || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Greater wildlife [|diversity] may decrease the spread of many wildlife pathogens to humans ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Socio-cultural** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Extinction of indigenous way of life
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**Economic** || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- companies gain short term profit

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Recommended reading: The Last Flight of the Scarlet Macaw by Bruce Barcott <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">[|__http://www.amazon.com/Last-Flight-Scarlet-Macaw-Beautiful/dp/1400062934__]